What Are Essential Oils?
An essential oil is a concentrated liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds from a wide variety of plants, flowers, and herbs. Essential oils are made from berries, roots, stems and leaves of plants. There are more than 150 common essential oils that are used in a variety of ways, although many more oils exist. The term “essential” refers to the “essence” of the plant.
Essential oils are generally created by distillation with steam, although other methods can be used to extract the oil. Essential oils are used in aromatherapy for healing. They are also used in perfumes, cosmetics, and cleaning products, and added to foods for flavoring.
HOW ARE ESSENTIAL OILS USED FOR HEALTH AND HEALING?
Essential oils are extensively used in aromatherapy and in combination with other holistic health practices such as massage or energetic healing. Essential oils have been found to have a wide variety of health benefits, and are currently being tested in laboratories by researchers for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases including:
- bronchitis
- heart disease
- cancer
- HIV
- asthma
How Do Essential Oils Enter the Body?
Essential oils enter the body in three ways:
- They can be inhaled
- They can be absorbed into the skin
- They can be eaten.
Some oils oils are strong in nature and can cause side effects if they are not taken in the appropriate manner and quantities. Some oils may cause allergic reactions. A complete patient history should be taken before applying essential oils. Always consult a medical practitioner before using these oils, internally or topically.
Applying Oils to the Skin
Essential oils can be very effective when applied to the skin. For example, an oil blend that contains black pepper (Piper nigrum) or ginger (Zinziber officinalis) essential oil can be applied to the skin to reduce arthritis pain and improve flexibility, or an oil that contains German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) can be applied to treat eczema. Many of the citruses oils are phototoxic. This means that particular compounds can become toxic when exposed to sunlight. This is not of concern when diffused or sprayed but when applied to the skin, it can be toxic. It is suggested, then that the person using phototoxic oils, is not exposed to the sun for at least 24 hours after applying the oil. Some oils need to be diluted, because they can be irritating when applied directly to the skin. A skin patch test should be conducted prior to using an essential oil that has never been used before.
Inhaling Essential Oils
Inhaled essential oils can affect the body through several systems and pathways. The odor molecules travel through the nose and affect the limbic system, the emotional brain, often bringing relief and healing. If you are pregnant, epileptic, have liver damage, have cancer, or have any other medical problem, use essential oils only under the proper guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner. Use extreme caution when using oils with children and give children only the gentlest oils at extremely low doses. It is safest to consult a qualified aromatherapy practitioner before using essential oils with children. A skin patch test should be conducted prior to using an essential oil that you’ve never used before.
Ingesting Essential Oils
Oral ingestion of essential oils is NOT recommended except under the strict guidance of a aromatherapist, medical doctor or health practitioner because many essential oils can be toxic to the liver or kidneys and the chemical breakdown in the stomach can change the effects of the essential oils. For information about the healing properties of oils, contact an aromatherapist. Essential oils should always be treated as medicine and should not be carelessly used or misused.
Common Types of Essential Oils
Some popular essential oils include the following:
- Agarwood oil
- Ajwain oil
- Amber oil
- Ambrette seed
- Amyris oil
- Angelica root oil

- Anise oil
- Atlas Cedar
- Balsam oil
- Basil oil
- Black Sage oil
- Siam Benzoin Resinoid
- Bergamot oil
- Bitter Orange oil
- Black Currant Bud Absolute
- Black Currant Bud Concrete
- Black Pepper oil
- Boronia Absolute
- Buchu oil
- Calophyllum (Fatty Oil)
- Cajeput oil
- Camphor oil
- Cannabis flower oil
- Caraway oil
- Cardamom Seed oil
- Carrot Seed oil
- Cedar oil
- Cedar Wood oil
- Cedar Leaf oil
- Celery oil
Chamomile oil
- Roman Chamomile oil
- German Chamomile oil
- Calamus Root oil
- Cinnamon oil
- Citronella oil
- Citrus oil
- Clary Sage oil
- Clove oil
- Copla resin
- Coffee oil
- Coriander oil
- Costmary oil
- Costus Root Cranberry Seed oil
- Cumin oil
- Curry Leaf oil
- Cypress oil
- Davana oil
- Dill oil
- Eucalyptus oil
- Eucalyptus Citriodora oil
- Eucalyptus Dives oil
- Eucalyptus Globulus oil
- Eucalyptus Polybractea oil
- Eucalyptus Radiata oil
- Eucalyptus Smithi oil
Eucalyptus Staigeriana oil
- Everlasting oil
- Fennel seed oil
- Fenugreek oil
- Fir Needle oil
- Frankincense oil
- Galbanum oil
- Geranium oil
- Ginger oil
- Grapefruit oil
- Green Myrtle oil
- Greenland Moss oi
- Henna oil
- Helichrysum oil
- Honeysuckle aboslute
- Hyssop oil
- Inula Graveolens oil
- Jasmine oil
- Juniper oil
- Juniper berry oil
- Khella oil
- Laurel oil
- Lavender oil
- Lavandin oil
Lemon oil
- Lemon Verbena oil
- Lemongrass oil
- Lemon Myrtle oil
- Lime oil
- Litsea cubeba oil
- Lotus oil
- Mandarin oil
- Mandarin Petitgrain oil
- Marjoram oil
- Mastic oil
- May Chang oil
- Melissa oil
- Mentha Arvensis oil
- Mint oil
- Moroccan Chamomile oil
- Moroccan Thyme oil
- Mountain Sage oil
- Mugwort oil
- Mustard oil
- Myrrh oil
- Myrtle oil
- Neroli oil
- Niaouli
- Nutmeg oil

- Sweet Orange oil
- Orange leaf oil
- Oregano oil
- Orris oil
- Palmarosea oil
- Parsley oil
- Patchouli oil
- Perilla Essential oil
- Pennyroyal oil
- Peppermint oil
- Petitgrain oil
- Pine oil
- Pine Geranium oil
- Ravensare oil
- Red Cedar oil
- Rose oil
- Rosehip oil
- Rosemary oil
- Rosemary Camphor oil
- Rosemary Cineoleoil
- Rosemary Verbenone oil
- Rosewood oil
- Sage oil
- Sandalwood oil
- Sassafras oil
- Savory oil
- Schisandra oil

- Scotch Pine oil
- Spearmint oil
- Spike lavender oil
- Spikenard oil
- Spruce oil
- Star anise oil
- Tangerine oil
- Tansy oil
- Tarragon oil
- Tea Tree oil
- Thuja oil
- Thyme oil
- Thyme thymol oil
- Thyme thujanol oil
- Thyme linalol oil
- Thyme geraniol oil
- Tsuga oil
- Tuberose Absolute
- Turmeric oil
- Valerian oil
- Vanilla
- Vetiver oil
- Wintergreen oil
- Wormwood oil
- Yarrow oil
- Ylang Ylang oil
- Zedoary oil
References
Battaglia, S. The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, by The International Centre of Aromatherapy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Kilina AV, Kolesnikova MB. The efficacy of the application of essential oils for the prevention of acute respiratory diseases in organized groups of children]. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2011;(5):51-4. Russian. PMID: 22334926
Ross SM. Aromatic plants, spirituality, and sacred traditions II. Holist Nurs Pract. 2010 Nov-Dec;24(6):355-7. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181fbb8b3. No abstract available. PMID: 21037460
Tisserand , Robert, and Blacas, Tony. Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals.
Woronuk G, Demissie Z, Rheault M, Mahmoud S. Biosynthesis and therapeutic properties of Lavandula essential oil constituents. Planta Med. 2011 Jan;77(1):7-15. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1250136. Epub 2010 Jul 21. Review. PMID: 20665367
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This article is written by Jean Voice Dart, M.S. Special Education from Illinois State University. Jean is a published author and has written hundreds of health articles as well as hosting a local television program, “Making Miracles Happen.” She is a Registered Music Therapist, Sound Therapist, and Master Level Energetic Teacher, and is the Executive Director, founder and Health and Wellness Educator of the Monterey Bay Holistic Alliance. The Monterey Bay Holistic Alliance is a registered 501 (c) 3 nonprofit health and wellness education organization. For more information about the Monterey Bay Holistic Alliance contact us or visit our website atwww.montereybayholistic.com. Images used in this article are free public domain from Pixabay.com orPublicdomainpictures.net Other images are credited.
Disclaimer: The Monterey Bay Holistic Alliance is a charitable, independent registered nonprofit 501(c)3 organization and does not endorse any particular products or practices. We exist as an educational organization dedicated to providing free access to health education resources, products and services. Claims and statements herein are for informational purposes only and have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The statements about organizations, practitioners, methods of treatment, and products listed on this website are not meant to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This information is intended for educational purposes only. The MBHA strongly recommends that you seek out your trusted medical doctor or practitioner for diagnosis and treatment of any existing health condition.
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